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Showing posts with label Plataea. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Plataea. Show all posts

Friday, 1 June 2012

Plataea - Action!


(Persian Cavalry - Greek lights from Garrsion 20mm- supported by Sudanese archers - Minifigs PBs Blemye - outflanks the Spartan position)

This was the first of what have become regular Christmas occasions – big battles fought on a big table, with the regular “generals” often supplemented by visiting commanders. In many ways this was the type of game that Parum Pugna was designed for – close to a thousand figures in action and a battle fought from start to finish in around four hours.

Discussing the Grant/Dover Coven’s Plataea re-fight on his blog, Ross poses the question of why the Persians didn’t exploit the open spaces and gaps in the Greek lines to surround their enemies. It is a real good question, though not one that could be asked of our version, since the Persian commanders opted for just that tactic – despatching all their cavalry to gallop off beyond the Asopus Ridge. Some were tasked with delaying the supporting Spartans and Athenian troops as best they could, while the horse archers were ordered to peck away at the phalanxes on the ridge. The bulk of the Persian infantry meanwhile was detailed to make a frontal assault up the slopes of the Asopus in the hope that sheer weight of numbers combined with the chipping effect of the light cavalry would eventually wear down the powerful Spartans.

The Greeks had little option but to follow the historic order of events, hoping that the Spartans could hang on until help arrived. Heavily armoured and well-disciplined they proved less vulnerable to cavalry than the Persians had hoped, aided greatly by their light troops who performed wonders in protecting their flanks.

One rule that had an effect on the outcome was using "command points" for the Persians. At the start of their turn the Persians threw 1 AvD for every five units in their command, the resulting score being the number of units that could move that turn. We had used a similar system for Marathon as a means of reflecting the greater cohesion and better command and control of the Greeks. At Plataea the Greeks were clearly not as co-ordinated and decisive as they'd been in that earlier encounter. However, I still felt that their more compact and better trained army gave them an advantage over the polyglot Persians.

Sadly no detailed account of the action survives, but I have the following scraps from Stephen Caddy – commander of the Greeks - and myself – who, along with Clive Norman, commanded the “never victorious” Persians.

(Athenian support begins to arrive as the Persian infantry struggles to get to grips with the Spartans. Figures are mainly Garrison 20mm, though the caped foot commander waving his sword in the far distance is from Phoenix Model Developments. His cast on sword fell off and had been replaced with a pin, making him quite a dangerous little chap to handle)

Stephen: Today at Harry's we re-fought a very bloody game of Plataea with 360
Greeks opposed by a whopping 596 Persians. Even the generals were dying on
the field. The exhausted Greeks retook the Asopus ridge but lost all
their lights while 7 out of 12 phalanxes were too battered to continue. Of the three
reinforcement phalanx units one arrived on the first throw of the
dice - the other two did not appear at all. The Persians and their allies were
reduced by the end to a handful of mounted and light infantry units. The
Immortals fought magnificently but proved mortal, the horsemen kept
getting behind the Greek lines, the Helots manfully kept the heavier
troops protected at huge cost and the commanders risked all and paid
the price.

Me: This certainly was a bloody encounter with four hours of more or less
continuous violence broken only by a brief pause to munch on some ginger nuts. After much bloodshed and some spectacularly lucky dice throwing by a unit of Assyrian spearmen, the Spartans were driven from the Asopus, before the advancing relief could arrive. Alas for the Persians the vast number of units they had at their disposal and poor command and control (how many 2s can you throw on an AvD?) slowed down all movement and they were unable to reinforce this success, before the Athenians arrived and hammered the depleted units on the ridge. A second wave of Persian troops proved less effective than the first. The toll amongst the generals was fearsome. Mardonius died while attempting to rally some Mede Infantry, Pausanius was cut down by Persian lancers and Aristedes of the Athenians was killed just as the Greeks claimed victory by a stray arrow from some marauding Dahae horsemen.

 (The Athenians have arrived on the ridge and now face assault by Indians, Phrygians, Greek mercenary cavalry and Sudanese archers - now there's multiculturalism for you)

This was a really exciting game that hung in the balance for much of the day but was eventually decided by Stephen's decisive use of his hoplites. Any hesitation on his part – even for a move – would have allowed the Persians to use their superior firepower to better effect and the outcome might have been different. That at least is the spin Artebazos will put on things when he gets back to Persepolis....



(And for those of you who missed it - here's an action replay....)

Thursday, 31 May 2012

The Battle of Plataea - One

(Theban Mercenary Hoplites - Garrison 20mm)

Xerxes Moves West was supposed to turn into a "campaign without maps" but for some reason or other that didn't happen. Instead I turned to the next part of another long discussed project "Great Wargames of History Refought". Having already done Marathon (based on the scenario in Grant's Ancient Battles for Wargamers) and The Korepsis Pass (From the same author's Wargame Tactics) we moved on to Plataea, which features in Grant's The Ancient Wargame. I tweaked his scenario slightly and bumped up the numbers of troops on both sides.

I'm sure that all ancient wargamers have their favourite writers, I should say here that I have a particular fondness for Peter Green, whose book The Year of Salamis (1970. Reissued  - as The Greco-Persian Wars - by University of California Press in 1998) I also used in compiling the scenario.

The Battle of Plataea 479BC

Despite the troubles King Xerxes’ army suffered at the Battle of Thermopylae (480BC) and the defeat of his navy at Salamis in the same year, Persian forces were still able to occupy Athens.  However, in the autumn, fearful that his lines of communication with his Empire were fatally stretched, Xerxes withdrew half his army East across the Hellespont leaving the other half under his brother-in-law Mardonius to hold Northern Greece, an area that had traditionally been sympathetic to the invaders.

In the spring of 479BC after much debate the unoccupied Greek states resolved to attack Mardonius at his base near the city of Plataea on the border of Attica and Boetia. The army that set forth northwards was made up of contingents from 31 cities including Sparta, Athens and Corinth, around 39,000 strong it was lead by the Spartan Pausanias.

Finding that Mardonius had established a winter camp on the northern bank of the Asopus River the Greeks marched through the pass at Mount Cithaeron and attempted to provoke the Persians into an attack by established themselves on a ridge on the southern side of the river.

The Persian army numbered about 50,000 men of which a fifth were mounted. It included strong a strong contingent of Theban hoplites.

The ridge on which the Greeks were located was too rough for a cavalry attack and so with Mardonius well supplied in his camp a stand-off developed that went on for eleven days. Eventually, after Persian horseman had destroyed a supply train and succeeding in poisoning the only water supply accessible to the Greeks, Pausanias decided to return to the city of Plataea.

A staged night withdrawal was planned with each contingent leaving in turn. Unfortunately due to the traditional arguments that accompanied any joint venture by the Greek states, the retreat was chaotic. When morning came, the Spartan force was split, a phalanx under Amompharates still on the ridge and the rest (including their Tegean allies) on the plain in front of the village of Hysiae. The Athenians, meanwhile were near the Vergutiani Spring to the west of the Spartans and separated from them by about a kilometre of open, flat country. The remainder of the Greek army had arrived at Plataea – six kilometres from the Spartan position - in darkness and set up camp. They arrived late in the battle, piecemeal and apparently in some disorder.

Mardonius, meanwhile, seeing his opponents on open ground at last ordered an immediate attack…..

The Greeks


On eastern edge of Asopus Ridge


Spartan Alpha Phalanx (under Amompharates)

Helot Javelins A

(Spartan helots - Garrison 20mm peltasts - hold the wood on the Spartan right flank. S Range Assyrian horse archers are galloping past)

Near Hysiae


Main body under the command of Pausanius and Euryanax

Spartan Beta Phlanx

Spartan Gamma Phalanx

Spartan Delta Phalanx

Spartan Epsilon Phalanx

Tegean Phalanx

Helot Javelins B

Helot Javelins C

Helot Slingers


(The Athenians in the foreground, Spartan main body already menaced by Persian cavalry in the back ground)

Near The Vergutiani Spring

Athenians under Aristides

Akamantis Phalanx

Oieneis Phalanx

Kekropis Phalanx

Hippothonteis Phalanx

Antiochis Phalanx

Leontis Phalanx



Parnesian slingers

Phylean archers



All hoplites are in units of 24. Spartans are elite.

All light troops are in units of 12.



Total 288 hoplites, 72 light troops.


Allied Greek States


Hoplite units from Megara, Phliasia and Corinth will appear on the North East table edge on the throw of 18,19 or 20 on a D20 (per unit). Throw at the start of each Greek turn after move one. On a positive score they appear but do not move until the following turn.


(The Persian battle lines at the start of the action. The table was twelve feet long and six deep. The lone Spartan phalanx can be seen on the Asopus ridge.)

The Persians




Left Flank

Under Mardonius



40 Immortals (elite)



40 Ectabana Infantry (Persian)

40 Hamadan Infantry (Mede)



20 Persian Archers

20 Mede Archers



12 Dahae Archers

12 Nineveh Javelins



16 Persian Lancers (close order)

16 Persian Lancers (close order)

16 Assyrian Horse Archers (light)

16 Scythian Horse Archers (light)



Centre


Under Artabazus



40 Indian Spearmen (Auxiliary)

40 Phrygian Axemen (Auxiliary)

40 Assyrian Spearmen (Auxiliary)



20 Ashur Slingers (Auxiliary)

20 Indian Archers (Auxiliary)



12 Assyrian javelins

12 Assyrian archers


(S range Persian Calvalry in action at Plataea)

Right Flank


Under Asopodorus of Thebes



24 Theban Hoplites

24 Phocian Hoplites

24 Locrian Hoplites

24 Malian Hoplites



12 Boeotian javelins

12 Nubian archers

12 Ethiopian archers



16 Thessalanian Cavalry (light)

16 Boeotian Cavalry (light)



40 figure units are close order infantry

20 figure units are close order missile troops

All 12 figure units are light troops

“Medized” Greek hoplites are of lower quality than Athenian and Spartan hoplites.



Totals:



500 infantry

96 Cavalry